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Fundamentals of Physical Geography
NCERT Textbook - 1
Chapter 1: Geography as a Discipline
Nature and scope of geography, relation with other disciplines
Chapter 2: The Origin and Evolution of the Earth
Big Bang theory, formation of planets, Earth's evolution
Chapter 3: Interior of the Earth
Sources of information, earth's layers, earthquakes and volcanoes
Chapter 4: Distribution of Oceans and Continents
Continental drift, plate tectonics, major ocean currents
Chapter 5: Minerals and Rocks
Classification of minerals, rock types and rock cycle
Chapter 6: Geomorphic Processes
Endogenic and exogenic processes, weathering, mass movements
Chapter 7: Landforms and their Evolution
Fluvial, glacial, aeolian and marine landforms
Chapter 8: Composition and Structure of Atmosphere
Layers of atmosphere, elements of weather and climate
Chapter 9: Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature
Insolation, heat budget, temperature inversion
Chapter 10: Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems
Pressure belts, winds, cyclones and anti-cyclones
Chapter 11: Water in the Atmosphere
Humidity, precipitation types, world rainfall distribution
Chapter 12: World Climate and Climate Change
Koeppen's classification, climate change causes and impacts
Chapter 13: Water (Oceans)
Hydrological cycle, ocean relief, temperature and salinity
Chapter 14: Movements of Ocean Water
Waves, tides and currents, their characteristics
Chapter 15: Life on the Earth
Biosphere, ecosystems, biodiversity and conservation
Chapter 16: Biodiversity and Conservation
Biodiversity types, threats and conservation methods
India: Physical Environment
NCERT Textbook - 2
Chapter 1: India - Location
India's geographical location and its implications
Chapter 2: Structure and Physiography
Geological structure and major physiographic divisions
Chapter 3: Drainage System
Himalayan and Peninsular river systems
Chapter 4: Climate
Indian monsoon mechanism, seasons, climate regions
Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation
Forest types, wildlife and conservation efforts
Chapter 6: Soils
Major soil types, soil degradation and conservation
Chapter 7: Natural Hazards and Disasters
Floods, earthquakes, cyclones and mitigation