This chapter defines democracy, outlines its key features, and evaluates its merits compared to other forms of government. It distinguishes democratic from non-democratic systems, explores why democracy is preferred globally, and introduces its broader meanings beyond government, emphasizing civic participation.
Basic Definition: Democracy is a form of government where rulers are elected by the people. This distinguishes it from non-democratic systems like military rule (e.g., Myanmar), dictatorships (e.g., Pinochet’s Chile), or monarchies (e.g., Saudi Arabia).
Need for Definition: The term ‘democracy’ is used variably, with some non-democratic governments claiming to be democratic. A clear definition helps identify true democracies. The word originates from Greek ‘demokratia’ (‘demos’ = people, ‘kratia’ = rule), but meanings evolve, requiring careful analysis.
Classroom Discussion: Students debate definitions. Merry questions the need for definitions, suggesting usage clarifies meaning. Lyngdoh Madam emphasizes thinking critically, not accepting famous quotes (e.g., Lincoln’s “of, by, for the people”) without scrutiny. Yolanda notes the Greek origin, but meanings change over time, like ‘computer’ shifting from calculation to multifunctionality.
Activity Insight: Defining simple words (e.g., pen, rain) is challenging, showing democracy’s complexity. It requires distinguishing it from similar concepts, reinforcing the need for a precise definition.
Major Decisions by Elected Leaders: In a democracy, final decision-making power rests with elected representatives, not unelected officials.
Free and Fair Electoral Competition: Elections must offer real choice, with a fair chance for the ruling party to lose.
One Person, One Vote, One Value: Every adult citizen has an equal vote, ensuring political equality.
Rule of Law and Citizens’ Rights: Democratic governments operate within constitutional limits, respecting citizens’ rights (e.g., freedom of expression, association) and an independent judiciary.
Summary Definition: Democracy is a government where:
Classroom Debate: Students discuss democracy’s merits. Yolanda supports it due to its global spread; Jeni criticizes it for poverty and corruption; Rose advocates for a strong leader; Hoi warns of dictatorial risks. Lyngdoh Madam highlights democracy’s value in allowing free expression.
Arguments Against Democracy:
Counterpoint: These issues can occur in any government. Democracy’s flaws are not unique, but its accountability mitigates them.
Arguments For Democracy:
Key Insight: Democracy isn’t perfect but outperforms alternatives (e.g., dictatorships, monarchies) by ensuring accountability, inclusivity, and adaptability.
Beyond Government: Democracy is a principle of equal consultation in decision-making, applicable to families, schools, or organizations.
Ideal Democracy: True democracy requires equal access to information, education, and resources, ensuring no one goes hungry. No country fully meets this ideal, but it guides improvement.
Representative Democracy: Most democracies use elected representatives due to large populations and citizens’ limited time/skills. Direct democracy (e.g., Gram Sabha) is feasible in small communities.
Citizen Role: Democracy depends on active citizen participation, unlike non-democratic systems that discourage it. Continuous effort strengthens democratic practices.
Core Features: Democracy involves elected rulers, free/fair elections, equal voting rights, and constitutional limits, distinguishing it from non-democratic systems.
Merits: It ensures accountability, better decisions, conflict resolution, citizen dignity, and self-correction, making it superior to alternatives despite flaws.
Broader Vision: Democracy extends beyond government, promoting equal participation in all spheres, with citizens’ active role shaping its success.