Chapter focus
Explore courage, care, and public contribution through a story, a poem, and a biographical account. Compare how each form presents values without assuming that the same technique works in every text.
These are original study notes and practice questions prepared for revision. Use your assigned NCERT edition for the complete lesson, diagrams, activities, and exercise wording.
What you will learn
- Explain the main idea: Explore courage, care, and public contribution through a story, a poem, and a biographical account. Compare how each form presents values without assuming that the same technique works in every text.
- Use the key terms and relationships in the notes below.
- Show your reasoning and check whether an answer fits the question.
Key ideas and notes
- Valour means courage in a difficult situation; explain the action and its consequences.
- Poems can use voice, repetition, and imagery to shape feeling.
- A biography presents a person’s work in context; distinguish verifiable achievements from praise.
Worked example
In a comparison paragraph, state one shared value and one difference in how two selections present it.
Quick revision
Valour means courage in a difficult situation; explain the action and its consequences.
Poems can use voice, repetition, and imagery to shape feeling.
A biography presents a person’s work in context; distinguish verifiable achievements from praise.
Original practice questions
Try each question first. Open the answer to check your reasoning.
How might a story and a biography present courage differently?
Answer: A story may use imagined characters and conflict; a biography reports a real person’s life and work.
What is the role of the speaker in a poem?
Answer: The speaker is the voice through which a poem is expressed; it need not be the poet.
Name one question that helps evaluate a biographical claim.
Answer: Ask for the source, evidence, date, or context for the claim.
Chapter summary
Explore courage, care, and public contribution through a story, a poem, and a biographical account. Compare how each form presents values without assuming that the same technique works in every text. The key ideas above give you a short revision path; practise explaining them in your own words and revisit any step you could not justify.