How this course is organised
The CBSE 2026–27 course brings together Indian Society and Social Change and Development in India. Each chapter asks you to connect a sociological idea to institutions, historical change and contemporary evidence. Use the current CBSE syllabus and your teacher’s directions as the final guide to assessment.
Book I · Indian Society
- 1. Introducing Indian Society — Colonialism, nationalism, class and community (non-evaluative orientation).
- 2. The Demographic Structure of Indian Society — Demographic concepts and theories; rural–urban linkages; population policy.
- 3. Social Institutions: Continuity and Change — Caste, tribal communities, family and kinship.
- 5. Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion — Inequality and exclusion; caste, tribe and other backward classes; Adivasi, women’s and disability rights struggles.
- 6. The Challenges of Cultural Diversity — Cultural communities and the nation-state; regionalism; religion, communalism, secularism and civil society.
Book II · Social Change and Development in India
- 8. Structural Change — Colonialism, industrialisation and urbanisation.
- 9. Cultural Change — Social reform; Sanskritisation, Westernisation, modernisation and secularisation.
- 11. Change and Development in Rural Society — Agrarian caste and class, land reforms, Green Revolution, labour circulation and globalisation.
- 12. Change and Development in Industrial Society — Planned industrialisation to liberalisation; finding jobs; work processes, conditions, home-based work, strikes and unions.
- 15. Social Movements — Movement concepts and theories; environmental, class-based, caste-based, tribal and women’s movements.
The chapter numbering follows the NCERT books; gaps in the numbering are intentional.
Project work · 20 marks
Choose a focused social question that can be investigated ethically with available time and evidence. A clear project moves from a purpose and research question to method, analysis, conclusion and a short viva.
| Part | Marks | What strong work shows |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction | 2 | Defines the issue and why it matters. |
| Statement of purpose | 2 | States what the project will find out. |
| Research question | 2 | Is narrow, answerable and sociological. |
| Methodology | 3 | Explains sample, tools, consent and limits. |
| Data analysis | 4 | Interprets patterns; does not merely paste responses. |
| Conclusion | 2 | Answers the question and acknowledges limits. |
| Viva | 5 | Explains choices, evidence and findings in your own words. |
For example, “How do students commute?” is broad. A manageable study could compare travel time and transport modes for a small, clearly described group of students, with voluntary responses and no identifying details. State that the findings describe that sample rather than all students.
Answer-writing routine
- Open with a precise definition or central claim.
- Explain the mechanism or change in a logical sequence.
- Use one relevant example and connect it back to the concept.
- Where a question says “discuss” or “evaluate”, include more than one perspective and finish with a reasoned judgement.
- In source or data questions, describe the evidence before drawing an inference; do not claim more than the data supports.
CBSE 2026–27 · complete chapter set
Explore every chapter
Open a dedicated chapter guide for detailed notes, concepts, examples and exam practice. NCERT chapter numbers follow the prescribed books; gaps in the numbering are intentional.
Introducing Indian Society Ch. 2 · Indian Society
The Demographic Structure of Indian Society Ch. 3 · Indian Society
Social Institutions: Continuity and Change Ch. 5 · Indian Society
Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion Ch. 6 · Indian Society
The Challenges of Cultural Diversity Project work · guidance
Suggestions for Sociology Project Work Ch. 8 · Social Change and Development
Structural Change Ch. 9 · Social Change and Development
Cultural Change Ch. 11 · Social Change and Development
Change and Development in Rural Society Ch. 12 · Social Change and Development
Change and Development in Industrial Society Ch. 15 · Social Change and Development
Social Movements