Chapter-6 The Crisis of Democratic Order (Emergency Period 1975-77)

This chapter examines the political crisis leading to the imposition of Emergency in 1975, its consequences, and the subsequent restoration of democracy. It covers the economic background, constitutional conflicts, JP movement, and the 1977 elections that ousted Indira Gandhi.

1. Background to Emergency

Political Context:

Economic Crisis (1972-75):

Important Questions:

2. Popular Protests and Movements

Gujarat Movement (Jan 1974):

Bihar Movement (March 1974):

Railway Strike (May 1974):

"Indira is India, India is Indira" - D.K. Barooah, Congress President (1974)

Important Questions:

3. Constitutional Crisis and Emergency Declaration

Judiciary vs Parliament Conflict:

Immediate Trigger:

Emergency Declaration:

1973: Kesavananda Bharati case establishes basic structure doctrine
Jan 1974: Gujarat protests begin
Mar 1974: Bihar movement starts
May 1974: Railway strike
12 Jun 1975: Allahabad HC verdict
25 Jun 1975: Emergency declared

Important Questions:

4. Consequences of Emergency

Political Consequences:

Judicial Consequences:

Resistance to Emergency:

Key Controversies:

5. End of Emergency and 1977 Elections

Janata Party Formation:

1977 Election Results:

Party Seats Vote %
Janata Party 295 41.3%
Congress 154 34.5%
Others 93 24.2%

Regional Variations:

Janata Government (1977-79):

Important Questions:

6. Legacy and Lessons

Democratic Strengthening:

Constitutional Changes:

Party System Changes:

Enduring Questions:

Key Takeaways: